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<section id="treating-trees-ii-treestep">
<h1>Treating Trees II: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treestep</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#treating-trees-ii-treestep" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Let’s consider a tree structure, similar to one described <a class="reference external" href="https://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/people/staff/dat/miranda/whyfp90.pdf">“Why
functional programming matters” by John
Hughes</a>,
that consists of a node value followed by zero or more child trees. (The
asterisk is meant to indicate the <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleene_star">Kleene
star</a>.)</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">tree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In the spirit of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step</span></code> we are going to define a combinator
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treestep</span></code> which expects a tree and three additional items: a
base-case function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[B]</span></code>, and two quoted programs <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[N]</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[C]</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">tree</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the current tree node is empty then just execute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">B</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
<span class="o">---------------------------</span>
<span class="p">[]</span> <span class="n">B</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Otherwise, evaluate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">N</span></code> on the node value, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">map</span></code> the whole function
(abbreviated here as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">K</span></code>) over the child trees recursively, and then
combine the result with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
<span class="o">---------------------------------------</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
<span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>(Later on we’ll experiment with making <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">map</span></code> part of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C</span></code> so you can
use other combinators.)</p>
<section id="derive-the-recursive-function">
<h2>Derive the recursive function.<a class="headerlink" href="#derive-the-recursive-function" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>We can begin to derive it by finding the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ifte</span></code> stage that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genrec</span></code>
will produce.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">R0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">R1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">R0</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">R1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">ifte</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>So we just have to derive <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">J</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">J</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">R0</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">R1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The behavior of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">J</span></code> is to accept a (non-empty) tree node and arrive at
the desired outcome.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">J</span>
<span class="o">------------------------------</span>
<span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>So <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">J</span></code> will have some form like:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">J</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Let’s dive in. First, unquote the node and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dip</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">N</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span>
<span class="n">node</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span>
<span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Next, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">map</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">K</span></code> over the child trees and combine with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span>
<span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span>
<span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>So:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">J</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Plug it in and convert to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genrec</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">J</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">ifte</span>
<span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">ifte</span>
<span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="extract-the-givens-to-parameterize-the-program">
<h2>Extract the givens to parameterize the program.<a class="headerlink" href="#extract-the-givens-to-parameterize-the-program" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Working backwards:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="o">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swoncat</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swoncat</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="o">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Extract a couple of auxiliary definitions:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">TS</span><span class="mf">.0</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span>
<span class="n">TS</span><span class="mf">.1</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swoncat</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">TS</span><span class="mf">.1</span> <span class="n">TS</span><span class="mf">.0</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TS</span><span class="mf">.1</span> <span class="n">TS</span><span class="mf">.0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swoncat</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TS</span><span class="mf">.1</span> <span class="n">TS</span><span class="mf">.0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The givens are all to the left so we have our definition.</p>
<section id="alternate-extract-the-givens-to-parameterize-the-program">
<h3>(alternate) Extract the givens to parameterize the program.<a class="headerlink" href="#alternate-extract-the-givens-to-parameterize-the-program" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Working backwards:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swoncat</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swoncat</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span>
<span class="o">^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="define-treestep">
<h2>Define <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treestep</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#define-treestep" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>from notebook_preamble import D, J, V, define, DefinitionWrapper
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>DefinitionWrapper.add_definitions(&#39;&#39;&#39;
_treestep_0 == [[not] swap] dip
_treestep_1 == [dip] cons [uncons] swoncat
treegrind == [_treestep_1 _treestep_0] dip genrec
treestep == [map] swoncat treegrind
&#39;&#39;&#39;, D)
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="examples">
<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Consider trees, the nodes of which are integers. We can find the sum of
all nodes in a tree with this function:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sumtree</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">pop</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">sum</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>define(&#39;sumtree == [pop 0] [] [sum +] treestep&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Running this function on an empty tree value gives zero:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">pop</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">sum</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
<span class="o">------------------------------------</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[] sumtree&#39;) # Empty tree.
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Running it on a non-empty node:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">pop</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">sum</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">pop</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">sum</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="nb">sum</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">sum</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">m</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23] sumtree&#39;) # No child trees.
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">23</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23 []] sumtree&#39;) # Child tree, empty.
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">23</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23 [2 [4]] [3]] sumtree&#39;) # Non-empty child trees.
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">32</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23 [2 [8] [9]] [3] [4 []]] sumtree&#39;) # Etc...
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">49</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23 [2 [8] [9]] [3] [4 []]] [pop 0] [] [cons sum] treestep&#39;) # Alternate &quot;spelling&quot;.
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">49</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23 [2 [8] [9]] [3] [4 []]] [] [pop 23] [cons] treestep&#39;) # Replace each node.
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">23</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">23</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">23</span> <span class="p">[]]]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23 [2 [8] [9]] [3] [4 []]] [] [pop 1] [cons] treestep&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">[]]]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23 [2 [8] [9]] [3] [4 []]] [] [pop 1] [cons] treestep sumtree&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">6</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[23 [2 [8] [9]] [3] [4 []]] [pop 0] [pop 1] [sum +] treestep&#39;) # Combine replace and sum into one function.
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">6</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[4 [3 [] [7]]] [pop 0] [pop 1] [sum +] treestep&#39;) # Combine replace and sum into one function.
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="redefining-the-ordered-binary-tree-in-terms-of-treestep">
<h2>Redefining the Ordered Binary Tree in terms of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treestep</span></code>.<a class="headerlink" href="#redefining-the-ordered-binary-tree-in-terms-of-treestep" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Tree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>What kind of functions can we write for this with our <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treestep</span></code>?</p>
<p>The pattern for processing a non-empty node is:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Plugging in our BTree structure:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<section id="traversal">
<h3>Traversal<a class="headerlink" href="#traversal" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">first</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lkey</span> <span class="n">rkey</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">lkey</span> <span class="n">rkey</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This doesn’t quite work:</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[[3 0] [[2 0] [][]] [[9 0] [[5 0] [[4 0] [][]] [[8 0] [[6 0] [] [[7 0] [][]]][]]][]]] [&quot;B&quot;] [first] [i] treestep&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Doesn’t work because <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">map</span></code> extracts the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">first</span></code> item of whatever its
mapped function produces. We have to return a list, rather than
depositing our results directly on the stack.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">C</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">first</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">flatten</span> <span class="n">cons</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">map</span> <span class="n">flatten</span> <span class="n">cons</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">lk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">flatten</span> <span class="n">cons</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">lk</span> <span class="n">rk</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cons</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">lk</span> <span class="n">rk</span> <span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>So:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">flatten</span> <span class="n">cons</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[[3 0] [[2 0] [] []] [[9 0] [[5 0] [[4 0] [] []] [[8 0] [[6 0] [] [[7 0] [] []]] []]] []]] [] [first] [flatten cons] treestep&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>There we go.</p>
</section>
<section id="in-order-traversal">
<h3>In-order traversal<a class="headerlink" href="#in-order-traversal" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>From here:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">lk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="n">C</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">lk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">swons</span> <span class="n">concat</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">concat</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">lk</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>So:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">swons</span> <span class="n">concat</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treestep</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[[3 0] [[2 0] [] []] [[9 0] [[5 0] [[4 0] [] []] [[8 0] [[6 0] [] [[7 0] [] []]] []]] []]] [] [uncons pop] [i roll&lt; swons concat] treestep&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="with-treegrind">
<h2>With <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treegrind</span></code>?<a class="headerlink" href="#with-treegrind" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treegrind</span></code> function doesn’t include the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">map</span></code> combinator, so
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[C]</span></code> function must arrange to use some combinator on the quoted
recursive copy <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[K]</span></code>. With this function, the pattern for processing a
non-empty node is:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">node</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Plugging in our BTree structure:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[[&quot;key&quot; &quot;value&quot;] [&quot;left&quot;] [&quot;right&quot;] ] [&quot;B&quot;] [&quot;N&quot;] [&quot;C&quot;] treegrind&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;key&#39;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="s1">&#39;left&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;right&#39;</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="ow">not</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;B&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;C&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">genrec</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;C&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="treegrind-with-step">
<h2><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treegrind</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">step</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#treegrind-with-step" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Iteration through the nodes</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[[3 0] [[2 0] [] []] [[9 0] [[5 0] [[4 0] [] []] [[8 0] [[6 0] [] [[7 0] [] []]] []]] []]] [pop] [&quot;N&quot;] [step] treegrind&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="s1">&#39;N&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Sum the nodes’ keys.</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;0 [[3 0] [[2 0] [] []] [[9 0] [[5 0] [[4 0] [] []] [[8 0] [[6 0] [] [[7 0] [] []]] []]] []]] [pop] [first +] [step] treegrind&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">44</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Rebuild the tree using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">map</span></code> (imitating <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">treestep</span></code>.)</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;[[3 0] [[2 0] [] []] [[9 0] [[5 0] [[4 0] [] []] [[8 0] [[6 0] [] [[7 0] [] []]] []]] []]] [] [[100 +] infra] [map cons] treegrind&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">103</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">102</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[]]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">109</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">105</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">104</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[]]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">108</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">106</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">107</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="p">[]]]</span> <span class="p">[]]]</span> <span class="p">[]]]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="do-we-have-the-flexibility-to-reimplement-tree-get">
<h2>Do we have the flexibility to reimplement <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tree-get</span></code>?<a class="headerlink" href="#do-we-have-the-flexibility-to-reimplement-tree-get" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>I think we do:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treegrind</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We’ll start by saying that the base-case (the key is not in the tree) is
user defined, and the per-node function is just the query key literal:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">query_key</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treegrind</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This means we just have to define <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C</span></code> from:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">query_key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">C</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Let’s try <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmp</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">P</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cmp</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">query_key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">P</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cmp</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<section id="the-predicate-p">
<h3>The predicate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">P</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#the-predicate-p" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Seems pretty easy (we must preserve the value in case the keys are
equal):</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">query_key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">P</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">query_key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">query_key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">query_key</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">query_key</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">query_key</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">query_key</span>
<span class="n">P</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>(Possibly with a swap at the end? Or just swap <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T&lt;</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T&gt;</span></code>.)</p>
<p>So now:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="n">query_key</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cmp</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Becomes one of these three:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">E</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">left</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&lt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="e">
<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">E</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#e" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Easy.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">E</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">popop</span> <span class="n">first</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="t-and-t">
<h3><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T&lt;</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">T&gt;</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#t-and-t" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pop</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pop</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">second</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="n">i</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="putting-it-together">
<h2>Putting it together<a class="headerlink" href="#putting-it-together" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pop</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">pop</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">second</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<span class="n">E</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">popop</span> <span class="n">first</span>
<span class="n">P</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">roll</span><span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">uncons</span> <span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span>
<span class="n">Tree</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">get</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">P</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">E</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">cmp</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">treegrind</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To me, that seems simpler than the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">genrec</span></code> version.</p>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>DefinitionWrapper.add_definitions(&#39;&#39;&#39;
T&gt; == pop [first] dip i
T&lt; == pop [second] dip i
E == roll&gt; popop first
P == roll&lt; [roll&lt; uncons swap] dip
Tree-get == [P [T&gt;] [E] [T&lt;] cmp] treegrind
&#39;&#39;&#39;, D)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;&#39;&#39;\
[[3 13] [[2 12] [] []] [[9 19] [[5 15] [[4 14] [] []] [[8 18] [[6 16] [] [[7 17] [] []]] []]] []]]
[] [5] Tree-get
&#39;&#39;&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">15</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ipython2 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>J(&#39;&#39;&#39;\
[[3 13] [[2 12] [] []] [[9 19] [[5 15] [[4 14] [] []] [[8 18] [[6 16] [] [[7 17] [] []]] []]] []]]
[pop &quot;nope&quot;] [25] Tree-get
&#39;&#39;&#39;)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s1">&#39;nope&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
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