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<div class="section" id="advent-of-code-2017">
<h1>Advent of Code 2017<a class="headerlink" href="#advent-of-code-2017" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="december-3rd">
<h2>December 3rd<a class="headerlink" href="#december-3rd" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>You come across an experimental new kind of memory stored on an infinite
two-dimensional grid.</p>
<p>Each square on the grid is allocated in a spiral pattern starting at a
location marked 1 and then counting up while spiraling outward. For
example, the first few squares are allocated like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">17</span> <span class="mi">16</span> <span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">14</span> <span class="mi">13</span>
<span class="mi">18</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">11</span>
<span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="mi">21</span> <span class="mi">22</span> <span class="mi">23</span><span class="o">---&gt;</span> <span class="o">...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>While this is very space-efficient (no squares are skipped), requested
data must be carried back to square 1 (the location of the only access
port for this memory system) by programs that can only move up, down,
left, or right. They always take the shortest path: the Manhattan
Distance between the location of the data and square 1.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Data from square 1 is carried 0 steps, since its at the access port.</li>
<li>Data from square 12 is carried 3 steps, such as: down, left, left.</li>
<li>Data from square 23 is carried only 2 steps: up twice.</li>
<li>Data from square 1024 must be carried 31 steps.</li>
</ul>
<p>How many steps are required to carry the data from the square identified
in your puzzle input all the way to the access port?</p>
<div class="section" id="analysis">
<h3>Analysis<a class="headerlink" href="#analysis" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>I freely admit that I worked out the program I wanted to write using
graph paper and some Python doodles. Theres no point in trying to write
a Joy program until Im sure I understand the problem well enough.</p>
<p>The first thing I did was to write a column of numbers from 1 to n (32
as it happens) and next to them the desired output number, to look for
patterns directly:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">11</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">13</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">14</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">16</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">17</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">18</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">21</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">22</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">23</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">24</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">25</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">26</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">27</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">28</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">29</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">32</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>There are four groups repeating for a given “rank”, then the pattern
enlarges and four groups repeat again, etc.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Four of this pyramid interlock to tile the plane extending from the
initial “1” square.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">9</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">11</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">13</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="mi">14</span> <span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">16</span> <span class="mi">17</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="mi">18</span> <span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">21</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="mi">22</span> <span class="mi">23</span> <span class="mi">24</span> <span class="mi">25</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>And so on.</p>
<p>We can figure out the pattern for a row of the pyramid at a given “rank”
<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span>:</p>
<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(2k - 1, 2k - 2, ..., k, k + 1, k + 2, ..., 2k\)</span></p>
<p>or</p>
<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k + (k - 1), k + (k - 2), ..., k, k + 1, k + 2, ..., k + k\)</span></p>
<p>This shows that the series consists at each place of <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span> plus some
number that begins at <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k - 1\)</span>, decreases to zero, then increases
to <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span>. Each row has <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(2k\)</span> members.</p>
<p>Lets figure out how, given an index into a row, we can calculate the
value there. The index will be from 0 to <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k - 1\)</span>.</p>
<p>Lets look at an example, with <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k = 4\)</span>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Subtract <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span> from the index and take the absolute value:</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">),</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Not quite. Subtract <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k - 1\)</span> from the index and take the absolute
value:</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)),</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Great, now add <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span></p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>So to write a function that can give us the value of a row at a given
index:</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">row_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">%=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># wrap the index at the row boundary.</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">k</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">row_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>(Im leaving out details of how I figured this all out and just giving
the relevent bits. It took a little while to zero in of the aspects of
the pattern that were important for the task.)</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="finding-the-rank-and-offset-of-a-number">
<h3>Finding the rank and offset of a number.<a class="headerlink" href="#finding-the-rank-and-offset-of-a-number" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Now that we can compute the desired output value for a given rank and
the offset (index) into that rank, we need to determine how to find the
rank and offset of a number.</p>
<p>The rank is easy to find by iteratively stripping off the amount already
covered by previous ranks until you find the one that brackets the
target number. Because each row is <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(2k\)</span> places and there are
<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(4\)</span> per rank each rank contains <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(8k\)</span> places. Counting the
initial square we have:</p>
<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(corner_k = 1 + \sum_{n=1}^k 8n\)</span></p>
<p>Im not mathematically sophisticated enough to turn this directly into a
formula (but Sympy is, see below.) Im going to write a simple Python
function to iterate and search:</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">rank_and_offset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># Guard the domain.</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># Subtract two,</span>
<span class="c1"># one for the initial square,</span>
<span class="c1"># and one because we are counting from 1 instead of 0.</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="c1"># The number of places total in this rank, 4(2k).</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="c1"># Remove this rank&#39;s worth.</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">51</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rank_and_offset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">11</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">12</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">13</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">14</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">15</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">16</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">17</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">18</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">19</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">20</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">21</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">22</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">23</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">24</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">25</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">26</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">27</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">28</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">29</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">30</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">31</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">32</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">33</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">34</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">35</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">36</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">37</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">38</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">39</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">40</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">41</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">42</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">43</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">44</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">45</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">46</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">47</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">48</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">49</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">50</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">51</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rank_and_offset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">row_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">11</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">12</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">13</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">14</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">15</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">16</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">17</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">18</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">19</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">20</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">21</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">22</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">23</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">24</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">25</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">26</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">27</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">28</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">29</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">32</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">33</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">34</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">35</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">36</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">37</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">38</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">39</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">40</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">41</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">42</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">43</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">44</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">45</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">46</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">47</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">48</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">49</span> <span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">50</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="putting-it-all-together">
<h3>Putting it all together<a class="headerlink" href="#putting-it-all-together" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">row_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">k</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">rank_and_offset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># Subtract two,</span>
<span class="c1"># one for the initial square,</span>
<span class="c1"># and one because we are counting from 1 instead of 0.</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="c1"># The number of places total in this rank, 4(2k).</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="c1"># Remove this rank&#39;s worth.</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rank_and_offset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">row_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">105</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">4572225</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sympy-to-the-rescue">
<h1>Sympy to the Rescue<a class="headerlink" href="#sympy-to-the-rescue" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Using e.g. Sympy we can find the rank directly by solving for the roots
of an equation. For large numbers this will (eventually) be faster than
iterating as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rank_and_offset()</span></code> does.</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sympy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">floor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lambdify</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">solve</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">symbols</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sympy</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">init_printing</span>
<span class="n">init_printing</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">symbols</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;k&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Since</p>
<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + N = \frac{N(N + 1)}{2}\)</span></p>
<p>and</p>
<p><span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(\sum_{n=1}^k 8n = 8(\sum_{n=1}^k n) = 8\frac{k(k + 1)}{2}\)</span></p>
<p>We want:</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">E</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># For the reason for adding 2 see above.</span>
<span class="n">E</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[4 k \left(k + 1\right) + 2\]</div>
<p>We can write a function to solve for <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span> given some <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(n\)</span></p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">rank_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">solve</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>First <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">solve()</span></code> for <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(E - n = 0\)</span> which has two solutions (because
the equation is quadratic so it has two roots) and since we only care
about the larger one we use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max()</span></code> to select it. It will generally
not be a nice integer (unless <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(n\)</span> is the number of an end-corner
of a rank) so we take the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">floor()</span></code> and add 1 to get the integer rank
of <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(n\)</span>. (Taking the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceiling()</span></code> gives off-by-one errors on the
rank boundaries. I dont know why. Im basically like a monkey doing
math here.) =-D</p>
<p>It gives correct answers:</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rank_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">25</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">26</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">49</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">50</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>And it runs much faster (at least for large numbers):</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">time</span> <span class="n">rank_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Compare runtime with rank_and_offset()!</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">CPU</span> <span class="n">times</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="mi">68</span> <span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">total</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">76</span> <span class="n">ms</span>
<span class="n">Wall</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">73.8</span> <span class="n">ms</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[2397916\]</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">time</span> <span class="n">rank_and_offset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">CPU</span> <span class="n">times</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="mi">308</span> <span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">total</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">308</span> <span class="n">ms</span>
<span class="n">Wall</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">306</span> <span class="n">ms</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\left ( 2397916, \quad 223606\right )\]</div>
<p>After finding the rank you would still have to find the actual value of
the ranks first corner and subtract it (plus 2) from the number and
compute the offset as above and then the final output, but this overhead
is partially shared by the other method, and overshadowed by the time it
(the other iterative method) would take for really big inputs.</p>
<p>The fun thing to do here would be to graph the actual runtime of both
methods against each other to find the trade-off point.</p>
<p>Sympy is a <em>symbolic</em> math library, and it supports symbolic
manipulation of equations. I can put in <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(y\)</span> (instead of a value)
and ask it to solve for <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span>.</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">symbols</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;y&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">g</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">solve</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">E</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The equation is quadratic so there are two roots, we are interested in
the greater one…</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">g</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[- \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{y - 1} - \frac{1}{2}\]</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">f</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{y - 1} - \frac{1}{2}\]</div>
<p>Now we can take the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">floor()</span></code>, add 1, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lambdify()</span></code> the equation
to get a Python function that calculates the rank directly.</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\lfloor{\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{y - 1} - \frac{1}{2}}\rfloor + 1\]</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">F</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lambdify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">49</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">9</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">25</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">26</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">49</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">50</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Its pretty fast.</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">time</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1"># The clear winner.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">CPU</span> <span class="n">times</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">total</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span>
<span class="n">Wall</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">11.9</span> <span class="n">µs</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[2397916\]</div>
<p>Knowing the equation we could write our own function manually, but the
speed is no better.</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">math</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">mfloor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">mrank_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mfloor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">time</span> <span class="n">mrank_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">CPU</span> <span class="n">times</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">total</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span>
<span class="n">Wall</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">12.9</span> <span class="n">µs</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[2397916\]</div>
<p>Now that we have a fast way to get the rank, we still need to use it to
compute the offset into a pyramid row.</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">offset_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>(Note the sneaky way the sign changes from <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k(k + 1)\)</span> to
<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k(k - 1)\)</span>. This is because we want to subract the
<span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\((k - 1)\)</span>th ranks total places (its own and those of lesser
rank) from our <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(n\)</span> of rank <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span>. Substituting <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k - 1\)</span>
for <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k\)</span> in <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k(k + 1)\)</span> gives <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\((k - 1)(k - 1 + 1)\)</span>,
which of course simplifies to <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(k(k - 1)\)</span>.)</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[223606\]</div>
<p>So, we can compute the rank, then the offset, then the row value.</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">rank_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mfloor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">offset_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">row_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">k</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rank_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">row_value</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[2\]</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[105\]</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[4572225\]</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">time</span> <span class="n">aoc20173</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">23000000000000000000000000</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Fast for large values.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">CPU</span> <span class="n">times</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">total</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">ns</span>
<span class="n">Wall</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="n">µs</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[2690062495969\]</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="a-joy-version">
<h1>A Joy Version<a class="headerlink" href="#a-joy-version" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>At this point I feel confident that I can implement a concise version of
this code in Joy. ;-)</p>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">notebook_preamble</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">J</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">define</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">rank_of</span>
<span class="o">---------------</span>
<span class="n">k</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The translation is straightforward.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">rank_of</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">define</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;rank_of == -- sqrt 2 / 0.5 - floor ++&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">offset_of</span>
<span class="o">-------------------</span>
<span class="n">i</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A little tricky…</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Q</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="o">%</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">Q</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">%</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">--</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">-</span>
<span class="n">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">%</span>
<span class="n">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Ergo:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">offset_of</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="o">%</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">define</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;offset_of == dup 2 * [dup -- 4 * * 2 + -] dip %&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="o">-------------------</span>
<span class="n">n</span>
<span class="nb">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">k</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="n">over</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">k</span><span class="o">+|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">define</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;row_value == over -- - abs +&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">aoc2017</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="o">-----------------</span>
<span class="n">m</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="n">rank_of</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span>
<span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">offset_of</span> <span class="n">k</span>
<span class="n">i</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="n">m</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">define</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;aoc2017.3 == dup rank_of [offset_of] dupdip swap row_value&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">J</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;23 aoc2017.3&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">J</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;23000 aoc2017.3&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">105</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="code ipython2 highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">V</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;23000000000000 aoc2017.3&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="n">aoc2017</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">aoc2017</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="n">rank_of</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">rank_of</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">22999999999999</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mf">4795831.523312615</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mf">4795831.523312615</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mf">2397915.7616563076</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mf">2397915.7616563076</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mf">2397915.2616563076</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397915</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">offset_of</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">2397915</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">2397915</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">9591660</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">22999994980560</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">22999994980560</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">23000000000000</span> <span class="mi">22999994980562</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">5019438</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">5019438</span> <span class="mi">4795832</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">223606</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">223606</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">223606</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
<span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">223606</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">over</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">223606</span> <span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">223606</span> <span class="mi">2397915</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2174309</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="mi">2397916</span> <span class="mi">2174309</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="mi">4572225</span> <span class="o">.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">rank_of</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="n">sqrt</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">floor</span> <span class="o">++</span>
<span class="n">offset_of</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">dup</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dip</span> <span class="o">%</span>
<span class="n">row_value</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">over</span> <span class="o">--</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">abs</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="n">aoc2017</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">dup</span> <span class="n">rank_of</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">offset_of</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">dupdip</span> <span class="n">swap</span> <span class="n">row_value</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
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<h3><a href="../index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Advent of Code 2017</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#december-3rd">December 3rd</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#analysis">Analysis</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#finding-the-rank-and-offset-of-a-number">Finding the rank and offset of a number.</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#putting-it-all-together">Putting it all together</a></li>
</ul>
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</ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sympy-to-the-rescue">Sympy to the Rescue</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#a-joy-version">A Joy Version</a></li>
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