diff --git a/implementations/Python/align_trace.py b/implementations/Python/align_trace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51dd0a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/implementations/Python/align_trace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import sys
+
+SEP = '•'
+
+lines = sys.stdin.readlines()
+
+indicies = [line.index(SEP) for line in lines if SEP in line]
+
+MAX = max(indicies)
+
+prefix_counts = [MAX - i for i in indicies]
+
+for count, line in zip(prefix_counts, lines):
+ print(' ' * count, line, sep='', end = '')
diff --git a/implementations/Python/joy/library.py b/implementations/Python/joy/library.py
index 6cd5e0c..6dd67d1 100644
--- a/implementations/Python/joy/library.py
+++ b/implementations/Python/joy/library.py
@@ -7,322 +7,6 @@ ALIASES = (
('id', [u'•']),
)
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def inscribe_(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- Create a new Joy function definition in the Joy dictionary. A
- definition is given as a quote with a name followed by a Joy
- expression. for example:
-
- [sqr dup mul] inscribe
-
- '''
- (name, body), stack = stack
- inscribe(Def(name, body), dictionary)
- return stack, expression, dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def getitem(stack):
- '''
- ::
-
- getitem == drop first
-
- Expects an integer and a quote on the stack and returns the item at the
- nth position in the quote counting from 0.
- ::
-
- [a b c d] 0 getitem
- -------------------------
- a
-
- '''
- n, (Q, stack) = stack
- return pick(Q, n), stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def drop(stack):
- '''
- ::
-
- drop == [rest] times
-
- Expects an integer and a quote on the stack and returns the quote with
- n items removed off the top.
- ::
-
- [a b c d] 2 drop
- ----------------------
- [c d]
-
- '''
- n, (Q, stack) = stack
- while n > 0:
- try:
- _, Q = Q
- except ValueError:
- raise IndexError
- n -= 1
- return Q, stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def take(stack):
- '''
- Expects an integer and a quote on the stack and returns the quote with
- just the top n items in reverse order (because that's easier and you can
- use reverse if needed.)
- ::
-
- [a b c d] 2 take
- ----------------------
- [b a]
-
- '''
- n, (Q, stack) = stack
- x = ()
- while n > 0:
- try:
- item, Q = Q
- except ValueError:
- raise IndexError
- x = item, x
- n -= 1
- return x, stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def gcd2(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''Compiled GCD function.'''
- (v1, (v2, stack)) = stack
- tos = True
- while tos:
- v3 = v2 % v1
- tos = v3 > 0
- (v1, (v2, stack)) = (v3, (v1, stack))
- return (v2, stack), expression, dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def choice(stack):
- '''
- Use a Boolean value to select one of two items.
- ::
-
- A B false choice
- ----------------------
- A
-
-
- A B true choice
- ---------------------
- B
-
- '''
- (if_, (then, (else_, stack))) = stack
- assert isinstance(if_, bool), repr(if_)
- return then if if_ else else_, stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def select(stack):
- '''
- Use a Boolean value to select one of two items from a sequence.
- ::
-
- [A B] false select
- ------------------------
- A
-
-
- [A B] true select
- -----------------------
- B
-
- The sequence can contain more than two items but not fewer.
- Currently Python semantics are used to evaluate the "truthiness" of the
- Boolean value (so empty string, zero, etc. are counted as false, etc.)
- '''
- (flag, (choices, stack)) = stack
- (else_, (then, _)) = choices
- return then if flag else else_, stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def max_(S):
- '''Given a list find the maximum.'''
- tos, stack = S
- return max(iter_stack(tos)), stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def min_(S):
- '''Given a list find the minimum.'''
- tos, stack = S
- return min(iter_stack(tos)), stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def sum_(S):
- '''
- Given a quoted sequence of numbers return the sum.
- ::
-
- sum == 0 swap [+] step
-
- '''
- tos, stack = S
- return sum(iter_stack(tos)), stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def remove(S):
- '''
- Expects an item on the stack and a quote under it and removes that item
- from the the quote. The item is only removed once. If the list is
- empty or the item isn't in the list then the list is unchanged.
- ::
-
- [1 2 3 1] 1 remove
- ------------------------
- [2 3 1]
-
- '''
- (item, (quote, stack)) = S
- return _remove(item, quote), stack
-
-
-def _remove(item, quote):
- try: head, tail = quote
- except ValueError: return quote
- return tail if head == item else (head, _remove(item, tail))
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def unique(S):
- '''Given a list remove duplicate items.'''
- tos, stack = S
- I = list(iter_stack(tos))
- return list_to_stack(sorted(set(I), key=I.index)), stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def sort_(S):
- '''Given a list return it sorted.'''
- tos, stack = S
- return list_to_stack(sorted(iter_stack(tos))), stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def disenstacken(stack):
- '''
- The disenstacken operator expects a list on top of the stack and makes that
- the stack discarding the rest of the stack.
- '''
- return stack[0]
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def reverse(S):
- '''
- Reverse the list on the top of the stack.
- ::
-
- reverse == [] swap shunt
- '''
- (tos, stack) = S
- res = ()
- for term in iter_stack(tos):
- res = term, res
- return res, stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def shunt(stack):
- '''
- Like concat but reverses the top list into the second.
- ::
-
- shunt == [swons] step == reverse swap concat
-
- [a b c] [d e f] shunt
- ---------------------------
- [f e d a b c]
-
- '''
- (tos, (second, stack)) = stack
- while tos:
- term, tos = tos
- second = term, second
- return second, stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def zip_(S):
- '''
- Replace the two lists on the top of the stack with a list of the pairs
- from each list. The smallest list sets the length of the result list.
- '''
- (tos, (second, stack)) = S
- accumulator = [
- (a, (b, ()))
- for a, b in zip(iter_stack(tos), iter_stack(second))
- ]
- return list_to_stack(accumulator), stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def succ(S):
- '''Increment TOS.'''
- (tos, stack) = S
- return tos + 1, stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def pred(S):
- '''Decrement TOS.'''
- (tos, stack) = S
- return tos - 1, stack
-
-
-@inscribe
-@SimpleFunctionWrapper
-def pm(stack):
- '''
- Plus or minus
- ::
-
- a b pm
- -------------
- a+b a-b
-
- '''
- a, (b, stack) = stack
- p, m, = b + a, b - a
- return m, (p, stack)
-
-
def floor(n):
return int(math.floor(n))
@@ -350,39 +34,6 @@ def id_(stack):
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def sharing(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''Print redistribution information.'''
- print("You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as"
- ' you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously'
- ' and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright'
- ' notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and'
- ' any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply'
- ' to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any'
- ' warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along'
- ' with the Program.'
- ' You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License'
- ' along with Thun. If not see .')
- return stack, expression, dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def warranty(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''Print warranty information.'''
- print('THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY'
- ' APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE'
- ' COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM'
- ' "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR'
- ' IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES'
- ' OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE'
- ' ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS'
- ' WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE'
- ' COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.')
- return stack, expression, dictionary
-
-
#
# § Combinators
#
@@ -406,194 +57,9 @@ S_swaack = Symbol('swaack')
S_times = Symbol('times')
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def i(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- The i combinator expects a quoted program on the stack and unpacks it
- onto the pending expression for evaluation.
- ::
-
- [Q] i
- -----------
- Q
-
- '''
- try:
- quote, stack = stack
- except ValueError:
- raise StackUnderflowError('Not enough values on stack.')
- return stack, concat(quote, expression), dictionary
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def x(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- ::
- x == dup i
-
- ... [Q] x = ... [Q] dup i
- ... [Q] x = ... [Q] [Q] i
- ... [Q] x = ... [Q] Q
-
- '''
- quote, _ = stack
- return stack, concat(quote, expression), dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def b(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- ::
-
- b == [i] dip i
-
- ... [P] [Q] b == ... [P] i [Q] i
- ... [P] [Q] b == ... P Q
-
- '''
- q, (p, (stack)) = stack
- return stack, concat(p, concat(q, expression)), dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def ii(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- ::
-
- ... a [Q] ii
- ------------------
- ... Q a Q
-
- '''
- quote, (a, stack) = stack
- expression = concat(quote, (a, concat(quote, expression)))
- return stack, expression, dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def dupdip(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- ::
-
- [F] dupdip == dup [F] dip
-
- ... a [F] dupdip
- ... a dup [F] dip
- ... a a [F] dip
- ... a F a
-
- '''
- F, stack = stack
- a = stack[0]
- return stack, concat(F, (a, expression)), dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def infra(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- Accept a quoted program and a list on the stack and run the program
- with the list as its stack. Does not affect the rest of the stack.
- ::
-
- ... [a b c] [Q] . infra
- -----------------------------
- c b a . Q [...] swaack
-
- '''
- (quote, (aggregate, stack)) = stack
- return aggregate, concat(quote, (stack, (S_swaack, expression))), dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def genrec(stack, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- General Recursion Combinator.
- ::
-
- [if] [then] [rec1] [rec2] genrec
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- [if] [then] [rec1 [[if] [then] [rec1] [rec2] genrec] rec2] ifte
-
- From "Recursion Theory and Joy" (j05cmp.html) by Manfred von Thun:
- "The genrec combinator takes four program parameters in addition to
- whatever data parameters it needs. Fourth from the top is an if-part,
- followed by a then-part. If the if-part yields true, then the then-part
- is executed and the combinator terminates. The other two parameters are
- the rec1-part and the rec2-part. If the if-part yields false, the
- rec1-part is executed. Following that the four program parameters and
- the combinator are again pushed onto the stack bundled up in a quoted
- form. Then the rec2-part is executed, where it will find the bundled
- form. Typically it will then execute the bundled form, either with i or
- with app2, or some other combinator."
-
- The way to design one of these is to fix your base case [then] and the
- test [if], and then treat rec1 and rec2 as an else-part "sandwiching"
- a quotation of the whole function.
-
- For example, given a (general recursive) function 'F':
- ::
-
- F == [I] [T] [R1] [R2] genrec
-
- If the [I] if-part fails you must derive R1 and R2 from:
- ::
-
- ... R1 [F] R2
-
- Just set the stack arguments in front, and figure out what R1 and R2
- have to do to apply the quoted [F] in the proper way. In effect, the
- genrec combinator turns into an ifte combinator with a quoted copy of
- the original definition in the else-part:
- ::
-
- F == [I] [T] [R1] [R2] genrec
- == [I] [T] [R1 [F] R2] ifte
-
- Primitive recursive functions are those where R2 == i.
- ::
-
- P == [I] [T] [R] tailrec
- == [I] [T] [R [P] i] ifte
- == [I] [T] [R P] ifte
-
- '''
- (rec2, (rec1, stack)) = stack
- (then, (if_, _)) = stack
- F = (if_, (then, (rec1, (rec2, (S_genrec, ())))))
- else_ = concat(rec1, (F, rec2))
- return (else_, stack), (S_ifte, expression), dictionary
-
-
-@inscribe
-@FunctionWrapper
-def map_(S, expression, dictionary):
- '''
- Run the quoted program on TOS on the items in the list under it, push a
- new list with the results in place of the program and original list.
- '''
- # (quote, (aggregate, stack)) = S
- # results = list_to_stack([
- # joy((term, stack), quote, dictionary)[0][0]
- # for term in iter_stack(aggregate)
- # ])
- # return (results, stack), expression, dictionary
- (quote, (aggregate, stack)) = S
- if not aggregate:
- return (aggregate, stack), expression, dictionary
- batch = ()
- for term in iter_stack(aggregate):
- s = term, stack
- batch = (s, (quote, (S_infra, (S_first, batch))))
- stack = (batch, ((), stack))
- return stack, (S_infra, expression), dictionary
@inscribe
diff --git a/implementations/Python/simplejoy.py b/implementations/Python/simplejoy.py
index 8da0c98..ebba95a 100755
--- a/implementations/Python/simplejoy.py
+++ b/implementations/Python/simplejoy.py
@@ -307,6 +307,9 @@ def joy(stack, expression, dictionary):
'''
expr = push_quote(expression) # We keep a stack-of-stacks, see below.
while expr:
+ print(
+ f'{stack_to_string(stack)} • {expr_to_string(expr)}'
+ )
term, expr = next_term(expr)
if isinstance(term, Symbol):
try:
@@ -625,6 +628,13 @@ def expression_to_string(expression):
return _stack_to_string(expression, iter_stack)
+def expr_to_string(expr):
+ '''
+ Return a "pretty print" string for a stack-of-stacks expression.
+ '''
+ return ' '.join(map(expression_to_string, iter_stack(expr)))
+
+
def _stack_to_string(stack, iterator):
isnt_stack(stack)
if not stack: # shortcut
@@ -1329,13 +1339,675 @@ inscribe(UnaryWrapper(isnt_bool))
inscribe(UnaryWrapper(isnt_stack))
+'''
+███████╗██╗ ██╗████████╗██████╗ █████╗
+██╔════╝╚██╗██╔╝╚══██╔══╝██╔══██╗██╔══██╗
+█████╗ ╚███╔╝ ██║ ██████╔╝███████║
+██╔══╝ ██╔██╗ ██║ ██╔══██╗██╔══██║
+███████╗██╔╝ ██╗ ██║ ██║ ██║██║ ██║
+╚══════╝╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝
+'''
+
+
+def dnd(stack, from_index, to_index):
+ '''
+ Given a stack and two indices return a rearranged stack.
+ First remove the item at from_index and then insert it at to_index,
+ the second index is relative to the stack after removal of the item
+ at from_index.
+
+ This function reuses all of the items and as much of the stack as it
+ can. It's meant to be used by remote clients to support drag-n-drop
+ rearranging of the stack from e.g. the StackListbox.
+ '''
+ assert 0 <= from_index
+ assert 0 <= to_index
+ if from_index == to_index:
+ return stack
+ head, n = [], from_index
+ while True:
+ item, stack = stack
+ n -= 1
+ if n < 0:
+ break
+ head.append(item)
+ assert len(head) == from_index
+ # now we have two cases:
+ diff = from_index - to_index
+ if diff < 0:
+ # from < to
+ # so the destination index is still in the stack
+ while diff:
+ h, stack = stack
+ head.append(h)
+ diff += 1
+ else:
+ # from > to
+ # so the destination is in the head list
+ while diff:
+ stack = head.pop(), stack
+ diff -= 1
+ stack = item, stack
+ while head:
+ stack = head.pop(), stack
+ return stack
+
+
+def pick(stack, n):
+ '''
+ Return the nth item on the stack.
+
+ :param stack stack: A stack.
+ :param int n: An index into the stack.
+ :raises ValueError: if ``n`` is less than zero.
+ :raises IndexError: if ``n`` is equal to or greater than the length of ``stack``.
+ :rtype: whatever
+ '''
+ if n < 0:
+ raise ValueError
+ while True:
+ try:
+ item, stack = stack
+ except ValueError:
+ raise IndexError
+ n -= 1
+ if n < 0:
+ break
+ return item
+
+
+@inscribe
+def inscribe_(stack, expression, dictionary):
+ '''
+ Create a new Joy function definition in the Joy dictionary. A
+ definition is given as a quote with a name followed by a Joy
+ expression. for example:
+
+ [sqr dup mul] inscribe
+
+ '''
+ (name, body), stack = stack
+ inscribe(Def(name, body), dictionary)
+ return stack, expression, dictionary
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def getitem(stack):
+ '''
+ ::
+
+ getitem == drop first
+
+ Expects an integer and a quote on the stack and returns the item at the
+ nth position in the quote counting from 0.
+ ::
+
+ [a b c d] 0 getitem
+ -------------------------
+ a
+
+ '''
+ n, (Q, stack) = stack
+ return pick(Q, n), stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def drop(stack):
+ '''
+ ::
+
+ drop == [rest] times
+
+ Expects an integer and a quote on the stack and returns the quote with
+ n items removed off the top.
+ ::
+
+ [a b c d] 2 drop
+ ----------------------
+ [c d]
+
+ '''
+ n, (Q, stack) = stack
+ while n > 0:
+ try:
+ _, Q = Q
+ except ValueError:
+ raise StackUnderflowError
+ n -= 1
+ return Q, stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def take(stack):
+ '''
+ Expects an integer and a quote on the stack and returns the quote with
+ just the top n items in reverse order (because that's easier and you can
+ use reverse if needed.)
+ ::
+
+ [a b c d] 2 take
+ ----------------------
+ [b a]
+
+ '''
+ n, (Q, stack) = stack
+ x = ()
+ while n > 0:
+ try:
+ item, Q = Q
+ except ValueError:
+ raise StackUnderflowError
+ x = item, x
+ n -= 1
+ return x, stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+def gcd2(stack, expression, dictionary):
+ '''Compiled GCD function.'''
+ (v1, (v2, stack)) = stack
+ tos = True
+ while tos:
+ v3 = v2 % v1
+ tos = v3 > 0
+ (v1, (v2, stack)) = (v3, (v1, stack))
+ return (v2, stack), expression, dictionary
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def choice(stack):
+ '''
+ Use a Boolean value to select one of two items.
+ ::
+
+ A B false choice
+ ----------------------
+ A
+
+
+ A B true choice
+ ---------------------
+ B
+
+ '''
+ (if_, (then, (else_, stack))) = stack
+ assert isinstance(if_, bool), repr(if_)
+ return then if if_ else else_, stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def select(stack):
+ '''
+ Use a Boolean value to select one of two items from a sequence.
+ ::
+
+ [A B] false select
+ ------------------------
+ A
+
+
+ [A B] true select
+ -----------------------
+ B
+
+ The sequence can contain more than two items but not fewer.
+ Currently Python semantics are used to evaluate the "truthiness" of the
+ Boolean value (so empty string, zero, etc. are counted as false, etc.)
+ '''
+ (flag, (choices, stack)) = stack
+ (else_, (then, _)) = choices
+ return then if flag else else_, stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def max_(S):
+ '''Given a list find the maximum.'''
+ tos, stack = S
+ return max(iter_stack(tos)), stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def min_(S):
+ '''Given a list find the minimum.'''
+ tos, stack = S
+ return min(iter_stack(tos)), stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def sum_(S):
+ '''
+ Given a quoted sequence of numbers return the sum.
+ ::
+
+ sum == 0 swap [+] step
+
+ '''
+ tos, stack = S
+ return sum(iter_stack(tos)), stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def remove(S):
+ '''
+ Expects an item on the stack and a quote under it and removes that item
+ from the the quote. The item is only removed once. If the list is
+ empty or the item isn't in the list then the list is unchanged.
+ ::
+
+ [1 2 3 1] 1 remove
+ ------------------------
+ [2 3 1]
+
+ '''
+ (item, (quote, stack)) = S
+ return _remove(item, quote), stack
+
+
+def _remove(item, quote):
+ try: head, tail = quote
+ except ValueError: return quote
+ return tail if head == item else (head, _remove(item, tail))
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def unique(S):
+ '''Given a list remove duplicate items.'''
+ tos, stack = S
+ I = list(iter_stack(tos))
+ return list_to_stack(sorted(set(I), key=I.index)), stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def sort_(S):
+ '''Given a list return it sorted.'''
+ tos, stack = S
+ return list_to_stack(sorted(iter_stack(tos))), stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def disenstacken(stack):
+ '''
+ The disenstacken operator expects a list on top of the stack and makes that
+ the stack discarding the rest of the stack.
+ '''
+ return stack[0]
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def reverse(S):
+ '''
+ Reverse the list on the top of the stack.
+ ::
+
+ reverse == [] swap shunt
+ '''
+ (tos, stack) = S
+ res = ()
+ for term in iter_stack(tos):
+ res = term, res
+ return res, stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def shunt(stack):
+ '''
+ Like concat but reverses the top list into the second.
+ ::
+
+ shunt == [swons] step == reverse swap concat
+
+ [a b c] [d e f] shunt
+ ---------------------------
+ [f e d a b c]
+
+ '''
+ (tos, (second, stack)) = stack
+ while tos:
+ term, tos = tos
+ second = term, second
+ return second, stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def zip_(S):
+ '''
+ Replace the two lists on the top of the stack with a list of the pairs
+ from each list. The smallest list sets the length of the result list.
+ '''
+ (tos, (second, stack)) = S
+ accumulator = [
+ (a, (b, ()))
+ for a, b in zip(iter_stack(tos), iter_stack(second))
+ ]
+ return list_to_stack(accumulator), stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def succ(S):
+ '''Increment TOS.'''
+ (tos, stack) = S
+ return tos + 1, stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def pred(S):
+ '''Decrement TOS.'''
+ (tos, stack) = S
+ return tos - 1, stack
+
+
+@inscribe
+@SimpleFunctionWrapper
+def pm(stack):
+ '''
+ Plus or minus
+ ::
+
+ a b pm
+ -------------
+ a+b a-b
+
+ '''
+ a, (b, stack) = stack
+ p, m, = b + a, b - a
+ return m, (p, stack)
+
+
+@inscribe
+def sharing(stack, expression, dictionary):
+ '''Print redistribution information.'''
+ print("You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as"
+ ' you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously'
+ ' and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright'
+ ' notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and'
+ ' any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply'
+ ' to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any'
+ ' warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along'
+ ' with the Program.'
+ ' You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License'
+ ' along with Thun. If not see .')
+ return stack, expression, dictionary
+
+
+@inscribe
+def warranty(stack, expression, dictionary):
+ '''Print warranty information.'''
+ print('THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY'
+ ' APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE'
+ ' COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM'
+ ' "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR'
+ ' IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES'
+ ' OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE'
+ ' ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS'
+ ' WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE'
+ ' COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.')
+ return stack, expression, dictionary
+
+
+@inscribe
+def x(stack, expr, dictionary):
+ '''
+ ::
+
+ x == dup i
+
+ ... [Q] x = ... [Q] dup i
+ ... [Q] x = ... [Q] [Q] i
+ ... [Q] x = ... [Q] Q
+
+ '''
+ quote, _ = stack
+ isnt_stack(quote)
+ return stack, push_quote(quote, expr), dictionary
+
+
+@inscribe
+def b(stack, expr, dictionary):
+ '''
+ ::
+
+ b == [i] dip i
+
+ ... [P] [Q] b == ... [P] i [Q] i
+ ... [P] [Q] b == ... P Q
+
+ '''
+ q, (p, (stack)) = stack
+ isnt_stack(q)
+ isnt_stack(p)
+ expr = push_quote(q, expr)
+ expr = push_quote(p, expr)
+ return stack, expr, dictionary
+
+
+@inscribe
+def ii(stack, expr, dictionary):
+ '''
+ ::
+
+ ... a [Q] ii
+ ------------------
+ ... Q a Q
+
+ '''
+ quote, (a, stack) = stack
+ isnt_stack(quote)
+ expr = push_quote((a, quote), expr)
+ expr = push_quote(quote, expr)
+ return stack, expr, dictionary
+
+
+@inscribe
+def dupdip(stack, expr, dictionary):
+ '''
+ ::
+
+ [F] dupdip == dup [F] dip
+
+ ... a [F] dupdip
+ ... a dup [F] dip
+ ... a a [F] dip
+ ... a F a
+
+ '''
+ quote, stack = stack
+ isnt_stack(quote)
+ a = stack[0]
+ expr = push_quote((a, ()), expr)
+ expr = push_quote(quote, expr)
+ return stack, expr, dictionary
+
+
+S_swaack = Symbol('swaack')
+
+
+@inscribe
+def infra(stack, expr, dictionary):
+ '''
+ Accept a quoted program and a list on the stack and run the program
+ with the list as its stack. Does not affect the rest of the stack.
+ ::
+
+ ... [a b c] [Q] . infra
+ -----------------------------
+ c b a . Q [...] swaack
+
+ '''
+ quote, aggregate, stack = get_n_items(2, stack)
+ isnt_stack(quote)
+ isnt_stack(aggregate)
+ expr = push_quote((stack, (S_swaack, ())), expr)
+ expr = push_quote(quote, expr)
+ return aggregate, expr, dictionary
+
+
+S_genrec = Symbol('genrec')
+S_ifte = Symbol('ifte')
+
+
+@inscribe
+def genrec(stack, expr, dictionary):
+ '''
+ General Recursion Combinator.
+ ::
+
+ [if] [then] [rec1] [rec2] genrec
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ [if] [then] [rec1 [[if] [then] [rec1] [rec2] genrec] rec2] ifte
+
+ From "Recursion Theory and Joy" (j05cmp.html) by Manfred von Thun:
+ "The genrec combinator takes four program parameters in addition to
+ whatever data parameters it needs. Fourth from the top is an if-part,
+ followed by a then-part. If the if-part yields true, then the then-part
+ is executed and the combinator terminates. The other two parameters are
+ the rec1-part and the rec2-part. If the if-part yields false, the
+ rec1-part is executed. Following that the four program parameters and
+ the combinator are again pushed onto the stack bundled up in a quoted
+ form. Then the rec2-part is executed, where it will find the bundled
+ form. Typically it will then execute the bundled form, either with i or
+ with app2, or some other combinator."
+
+ The way to design one of these is to fix your base case [then] and the
+ test [if], and then treat rec1 and rec2 as an else-part "sandwiching"
+ a quotation of the whole function.
+
+ For example, given a (general recursive) function 'F':
+ ::
+
+ F == [I] [T] [R1] [R2] genrec
+
+ If the [I] if-part fails you must derive R1 and R2 from:
+ ::
+
+ ... R1 [F] R2
+
+ Just set the stack arguments in front, and figure out what R1 and R2
+ have to do to apply the quoted [F] in the proper way. In effect, the
+ genrec combinator turns into an ifte combinator with a quoted copy of
+ the original definition in the else-part:
+ ::
+
+ F == [I] [T] [R1] [R2] genrec
+ == [I] [T] [R1 [F] R2] ifte
+
+ Primitive recursive functions are those where R2 == i.
+ ::
+
+ P == [I] [T] [R] tailrec
+ == [I] [T] [R [P] i] ifte
+ == [I] [T] [R P] ifte
+
+ '''
+ rec2, rec1, then, if_, stack = get_n_items(4, stack)
+ isnt_stack(if_)
+ isnt_stack(then)
+ isnt_stack(rec1)
+ isnt_stack(rec2)
+ F = (if_, (then, (rec1, (rec2, (S_genrec, ())))))
+ else_ = concat(rec1, (F, rec2))
+ stack = (else_, (then, (if_, stack)))
+ expr = push_quote((S_ifte, ()), expr)
+ return stack, expr, dictionary
+
+
+S_infra = Symbol('infra')
+S_first = Symbol('first')
+
+
+@inscribe
+def map_(stack, expr, dictionary):
+ '''
+ Run the quoted program on TOS on the items in the list under it, push a
+ new list with the results in place of the program and original list.
+ '''
+ quote, aggregate, stack = get_n_items(2, stack)
+ isnt_stack(quote)
+ isnt_stack(aggregate)
+ if not aggregate:
+ return (aggregate, stack), expr, dictionary
+ batch = ()
+ for term in iter_stack(aggregate):
+ s = term, stack
+ batch = (s, (quote, (S_infra, (S_first, batch))))
+ stack = (batch, ((), stack))
+ expr = push_quote((S_infra, ()), expr)
+ return stack, expr, dictionary
+
+
+S_primrec = Symbol('primrec')
+
+
+@inscribe
+def primrec(stack, expr, dictionary):
+ '''
+ From the "Overview of the language JOY":
+
+ > The primrec combinator expects two quoted programs in addition to a
+ data parameter. For an integer data parameter it works like this: If
+ the data parameter is zero, then the first quotation has to produce
+ the value to be returned. If the data parameter is positive then the
+ second has to combine the data parameter with the result of applying
+ the function to its predecessor.::
+
+ 5 [1] [*] primrec
+
+ > Then primrec tests whether the top element on the stack (initially
+ the 5) is equal to zero. If it is, it pops it off and executes one of
+ the quotations, the [1] which leaves 1 on the stack as the result.
+ Otherwise it pushes a decremented copy of the top element and
+ recurses. On the way back from the recursion it uses the other
+ quotation, [*], to multiply what is now a factorial on top of the
+ stack by the second element on the stack.::
+
+ n [Base] [Recur] primrec
+
+ 0 [Base] [Recur] primrec
+ ------------------------------
+ Base
+
+ n [Base] [Recur] primrec
+ ------------------------------------------ n > 0
+ n (n-1) [Base] [Recur] primrec Recur
+
+ '''
+ recur, base, n, stack = get_n_items(3, stack)
+ isnt_stack(recur)
+ isnt_stack(base)
+ if n <= 0:
+ expr = push_quote(base, expr)
+ else:
+ expr = push_quote(recur, expr)
+ expr = push_quote((S_primrec, ()), expr)
+ stack = recur, (base, (n - 1, (n, stack)))
+ return stack, expr, dictionary
+
+
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
J = interp if '-q' in sys.argv else repl
dictionary = initialize()
Def.load_definitions(__doc__.splitlines(), dictionary)
- try:
- stack = J(dictionary=dictionary)
- except SystemExit:
- pass
+## try:
+## stack = J(dictionary=dictionary)
+## except SystemExit:
+## pass
+ stack, _ = run("5 [1] [*] primrec", (), dictionary)
+ print(stack_to_string(stack), '•')